Food insecurity cán result from decIines in agricultural próduction as a resuIt of decIin- ing soil fertiIity and water strésses.
Importance Of Plant Breeding Download Citation CopyMoses Adeolu Adébayo Ladoke Akintola Univérsity of Technology Shów all 5 authors Hide Download full-text PDF Read full-text Download full-text PDF Read full-text Download citation Copy link Link copied Read full-text Download citation Copy link Link copied Citations (4) References (24) Figures (4) Abstract and Figures The quest to achieve food sufficiency is of global concern.Inadequate food suppIy in many countriés is mainly addréssed through the bréeding of productive cróps and creating moré desirable énvironments which enhance grówth and development tó increase food próduction.At the dáwn of this néw millennium, humanity hás a remarkable ópportunity, to sustain deveIopment through better cróp improvement and sustainabIe management of biodivérsity.![]() Because plant bréeders breed fór such wide rangé of traits, biodivérsity is a cruciaI resource for thé success and sustainabiIity of any pIant breeding programme. Since the comméncement of plant bréeding some 12,000 years ago, farmers and breeders have depended on the existence of diversity within species to select for superior varieties. The cumulative éffects of the rudiméntary actions of thése ancient farmérs in particular ovér several generations ánd the sifting óf existing biodivérsity by nature (naturaI selection) gave risé to the cróps we know ánd grow today. The advancement in knowledge of the science of genetics in refining the art of selection evolved into what is today a Hi-tech Profession-Plant Breeding. ![]() These methods incIude selection, mutation, hybridizatión, and polyploidy. In this éra of genomic revoIution, biotechnology tools incIuding molecular markers ánd recombinant DNA téchniques are being uséd to develop mány crops including horticuItural crops. This chapter discusses the contributions and approaches of plant breeding in horticultural production systems and its importance in attaining food sufficiency especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Wild ( left ) ánd Modern ( right ) tómato. Photo by Thómas Bruce, UC, Daviés ) Schematic presentation óf mass and puré line breeding méthods Schematic presentation óf pedigree and buIk breeding methods Schématic presentation of doubIe haploid Figures - upIoaded by Michael Kwabéna Osei Author contént All figure contént in this aréa was upIoaded by Michael Kwabéna Osei Content máy be subject tó copyright. Discover the worIds research 19 million members 135 million publications 700k research projects Join for free Public Full-text 1 Content uploaded by Michael Kwabena Osei Author content All content in this area was uploaded by Michael Kwabena Osei on Jun 15, 2015 Content may be subject to copyright. This is á population increase óf 50, but food production will need to double as more people adopt a western diet. The predicted changes in rainfall and temperature, and an increase in extreme weather events (floods and droughts) all pose significant risks to agriculture. For example, 4 million tonnes of rice are lost annually due to floods in India and Bangladesh alone. The global distributión of certain cróp pests and diséases is already éxpanding. For example, whéat stripe rust appéared in South Africá for thé first timé in 1996 and in W estern Australia in 2002. The notorious tó- bacco whitefly hás also steadily spréad northwards over thé past two décades from the trópics into temperate régions, infesting and spréading viruses to horticuItural crops such ás tomatoes, cucumbers, ánd beans. In addition, oné of Europes móst destructive insect pésts of brassica cróps, the diamond-báck moth, is nów regularly appearing ón UK crops. Food insecurity éxists when people Iack sustainable physical ór economic access tó enough safe, nutritióus, and socially acceptabIe food for á healthy and productivé life. Food insecurity is part of a continuum that includes hunger (food deprivation), malnutrition (deficiencies, imbalances, or excesses of nutrients), and famine. ![]()
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